Quantum Platform Architecture Tutorial

Welcome to the comprehensive architecture tutorial for Quantum Platform. This guide will walk you through the core concepts, components, and how they work together to create a powerful intent-driven orchestration system.

Table of Contents

1. System Overview
2. Core Components
3. Data Flow
4. Intent Processing
5. Multi-Tenant Architecture
6. Security Model
7. Hands-On Examples

System Overview

Quantum Platform is built on a modern, cloud-native architecture that separates concerns into distinct layers:

graph TB
    subgraph "Client Layer"
        Web[Web Application]
        API[External APIs]
        CLI[CLI Tools]
    end
    
    subgraph "API Gateway"
        Gateway[FastAPI Gateway]
        Auth[Authentication]
        Rate[Rate Limiting]
    end
    
    subgraph "Core Services"
        Intent[Intent Registry]
        Orchestrator[Orchestrator]
        Modules[Module Services]
    end
    
    subgraph "Data Layer"
        DB[(PostgreSQL)]
        Cache[(Redis)]
        Events[Event Hub]
    end
    
    Web --> Gateway
    API --> Gateway
    CLI --> Gateway
    
    Gateway --> Auth
    Gateway --> Intent
    Gateway --> Orchestrator
    
    Intent --> DB
    Orchestrator --> Modules
    Orchestrator --> Events
    
    DB --> Cache
    Modules --> Events

Core Components

1. API Gateway

The API Gateway serves as the single entry point for all client requests.

Key Responsibilities:

• Request routing and load balancing
• Authentication and authorization
• Rate limiting and throttling
• Request/response transformation
• OpenAPI documentation

Example Request Flow:

# Client makes request
POST /api/v1/intents
Authorization: Bearer <jwt_token>
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "name": "deploy-application",
  "definition": {
    "target": "production",
    "version": "1.2.3",
    "environment": "azure-westus"
  }
}

# Gateway processes:
# 1. Validates JWT token
# 2. Checks rate limits
# 3. Routes to Intent Registry
# 4. Returns response

2. Intent Registry

The Intent Registry is the central store for all intent definitions and their versions.

Key Features:

• Intent CRUD operations
• Version management and rollback
• Validation and schema enforcement
• Search and discovery
• Audit trail

Example Intent Definition:

{
  "id": "deploy-application-v1",
  "name": "deploy-application",
  "version": 1,
  "tenant_id": "tenant-123",
  "definition": {
    "target": "production",
    "steps": [
      {
        "action": "build-container",
        "image": "myapp:1.2.3"
      },
      {
        "action": "deploy-to-kubernetes",
        "namespace": "production"
      },
      {
        "action": "verify-deployment",
        "health_check": "/health"
      }
    ]
  },
  "status": "active",
  "created_at": "2024-01-04T10:00:00Z"
}

3. Orchestrator

The Orchestrator is the workflow execution engine that processes intents.

Key Features:

• Intent execution planning
• Workflow orchestration
• Error handling and retry logic
• Progress tracking
• Event publishing

Example Orchestration Flow:

async def execute_intent(intent_id: str, tenant_id: str):
    # 1. Load intent definition
    intent = await intent_registry.get(intent_id, tenant_id)
    
    # 2. Create execution plan
    plan = create_execution_plan(intent.definition)
    
    # 3. Execute steps
    for step in plan.steps:
        try:
            result = await execute_step(step)
            await publish_event("step_completed", result)
        except Exception as e:
            await handle_error(step, e)
            break
    
    # 4. Complete execution
    await publish_event("intent_completed", plan.id)

Data Flow

Understanding how data flows through the system is crucial for effective development.

1. Intent Creation Flow

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Gateway
    participant IntentRegistry
    participant Database
    participant EventHub
    
    Client->>Gateway: POST /api/v1/intents
    Gateway->>Gateway: Validate JWT
    Gateway->>IntentRegistry: Create Intent
    IntentRegistry->>Database: Store Intent
    IntentRegistry->>EventHub: Publish "intent_created"
    IntentRegistry->>Gateway: Return Intent ID
    Gateway->>Client: 201 Created

2. Intent Execution Flow

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Gateway
    participant Orchestrator
    participant Modules
    participant EventHub
    
    Client->>Gateway: POST /api/v1/intents/{id}/execute
    Gateway->>Orchestrator: Execute Intent
    Orchestrator->>EventHub: Publish "execution_started"
    
    loop For each step
        Orchestrator->>Modules: Execute Step
        Modules->>Orchestrator: Return Result
        Orchestrator->>EventHub: Publish "step_completed"
    end
    
    Orchestrator->>EventHub: Publish "execution_completed"
    Orchestrator->>Gateway: Return Execution ID
    Gateway->>Client: 202 Accepted

Intent Processing

Intents are processed through a sophisticated pipeline that ensures reliability and scalability.

1. Intent Validation

class IntentValidator:
    def validate(self, intent: IntentDefinition) -> ValidationResult:
        # Schema validation
        schema_result = self.validate_schema(intent.definition)
        if not schema_result.valid:
            return ValidationResult(valid=False, errors=schema_result.errors)
        
        # Business logic validation
        business_result = self.validate_business_rules(intent)
        if not business_result.valid:
            return ValidationResult(valid=False, errors=business_result.errors)
        
        # Security validation
        security_result = self.validate_security(intent)
        if not security_result.valid:
            return ValidationResult(valid=False, errors=security_result.errors)
        
        return ValidationResult(valid=True)

2. Execution Planning

class ExecutionPlanner:
    def create_plan(self, intent: IntentDefinition) -> ExecutionPlan:
        plan = ExecutionPlan(intent_id=intent.id)
        
        for step_definition in intent.definition.steps:
            step = ExecutionStep(
                action=step_definition.action,
                parameters=step_definition.parameters,
                dependencies=self.calculate_dependencies(step_definition),
                timeout=step_definition.timeout or 300
            )
            plan.add_step(step)
        
        return plan

Multi-Tenant Architecture

Quantum Platform provides enterprise-grade tenant isolation through multiple layers.

1. Row-Level Security (RLS)

-- Enable RLS on intents table
ALTER TABLE intents ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Create policy for tenant isolation
CREATE POLICY tenant_isolation ON intents
    FOR ALL TO app_user
    USING (tenant_id = current_setting('app.current_tenant_id')::uuid);

-- Set tenant context
SET app.current_tenant_id = 'tenant-123';

2. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

class ABACPolicy:
    def check_permission(self, user: User, resource: Resource, action: str) -> bool:
        # Get user attributes
        user_attrs = self.get_user_attributes(user)
        
        # Get resource attributes
        resource_attrs = self.get_resource_attributes(resource)
        
        # Evaluate policy
        return self.evaluate_policy(user_attrs, resource_attrs, action)

# Example policy evaluation
policy = ABACPolicy()
can_execute = policy.check_permission(
    user=user,
    resource=intent,
    action="execute"
)

Security Model

Quantum Platform implements a comprehensive security model with multiple layers of protection.

1. Authentication

class AuthenticationService:
    async def authenticate(self, token: str) -> User:
        # Validate JWT token
        payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=["HS256"])
        
        # Check token expiration
        if payload["exp"] < time.time():
            raise AuthenticationError("Token expired")
        
        # Get user from database
        user = await self.get_user(payload["user_id"])
        if not user:
            raise AuthenticationError("User not found")
        
        return user

2. Authorization

class AuthorizationService:
    def check_permission(self, user: User, resource: str, action: str) -> bool:
        # Check role-based permissions
        if self.has_role_permission(user, resource, action):
            return True
        
        # Check attribute-based permissions
        if self.has_abac_permission(user, resource, action):
            return True
        
        return False

Hands-On Examples

Example 1: Creating Your First Intent

Let's create a simple intent that deploys an application:

# 1. Define the intent
intent_definition = {
    "name": "deploy-web-app",
    "definition": {
        "target": "production",
        "steps": [
            {
                "action": "build-docker-image",
                "image": "myapp:latest",
                "context": "./app"
            },
            {
                "action": "push-to-registry",
                "registry": "azurecr.io",
                "image": "myapp:latest"
            },
            {
                "action": "deploy-to-kubernetes",
                "namespace": "production",
                "replicas": 3
            }
        ]
    }
}

# 2. Create the intent
response = await client.post("/api/v1/intents", json=intent_definition)
intent_id = response.json()["id"]

# 3. Execute the intent
execution = await client.post(f"/api/v1/intents/{intent_id}/execute")
execution_id = execution.json()["execution_id"]

Example 2: Monitoring Intent Execution

# Monitor execution progress
async def monitor_execution(execution_id: str):
    async for event in client.stream(f"/api/v1/executions/{execution_id}/events"):
        if event["type"] == "step_completed":
            print(f"Step {event['step']} completed: {event['result']}")
        elif event["type"] == "execution_completed":
            print(f"Execution {execution_id} completed successfully")
            break
        elif event["type"] == "execution_failed":
            print(f"Execution {execution_id} failed: {event['error']}")
            break

Example 3: Multi-Tenant Intent Management

# Switch tenant context
client.set_tenant("tenant-123")

# Create intent for specific tenant
intent = await client.post("/api/v1/intents", json=intent_definition)

# List intents for current tenant
intents = await client.get("/api/v1/intents")

# Execute intent (automatically scoped to tenant)
execution = await client.post(f"/api/v1/intents/{intent['id']}/execute")

Best Practices

1. Intent Design

• Keep intents focused: Each intent should have a single, clear purpose
• Use descriptive names: Intent names should clearly indicate their purpose
• Version your intents: Always version your intent definitions
• Test thoroughly: Test intents in development before production

2. Error Handling

• Implement retries: Use exponential backoff for transient failures
• Log everything: Comprehensive logging helps with debugging
• Graceful degradation: Handle partial failures gracefully
• Monitor execution: Set up alerts for failed executions

3. Performance

• Optimize queries: Use proper indexing and query optimization
• Cache frequently: Cache frequently accessed data
• Batch operations: Batch multiple operations when possible
• Monitor metrics: Track performance metrics and optimize accordingly

Next Steps

Now that you understand the architecture, here's what to explore next:

1. Try the Quick Start Guide: Get hands-on experience with the platform
2. Explore the API Reference: Learn about all available endpoints
3. Read the Design System: Understand the UI/UX guidelines
4. Check out the Blueprints: See real-world application examples

Support

Need help with the architecture or have questions?

• Documentation: Complete API Reference
• GitHub: View Source Code
• Issues: Report Issues
• Discussions: Community Discussions

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This tutorial is part of the Quantum Platform documentation. For the latest updates, visit our GitHub repository.